Parent & Patient Information System 06/09/2015 Page18 / 51 Imaging modalities 2.1 Plain abdominal X-ray graphy It is the first graphy of intravenous urography. It should cover all the urinary system. It gives a gross idea about the structure of the bones, presence of stone, calcifications and other causes of opacities. 2.2 Intravenous urography (IVU) IVU is an imaging tool that iodinized material is given into the vessel of the patient (1 ml/kg of body weight) and then serial X-ray films are obtained. This iodinized material is filtered through the kidneys and it makes an opacification that the kidneys become visible. In this test, position, outer contours of the kidneys, shape of the calyces, any mass effect on kidneys, the shape of the ureters and bladder are evaluated. It is used in order to evaluate the whole urinary system, show the collecting system, presence of obstruction and calcifications. It is preferred since it is not expensive, does not necessitate special instruments and easy to perform. However, it has some disadvantages as the radiation exposure, risk of allergic reaction to contrast material and limited ability to show the qualitative and quantitative dynamic renal functions.
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