| Chapter 1 - Urinary Tract Infection - a common problem in children |
3 |
| 1 Diagnosis |
4 |
| 2 Treatment |
5 |
| Chapter 2 - Hydrocele, Hernia and Undescended Testis |
7 |
| 1 Hydrocele and hernia |
7 |
| 2 Undescended testis |
9 |
| Chapter 3 - Testicular torsion - a serious cause of scrotal pain |
11 |
| 1 About Testicular Torsion |
11 |
| 2 Causes |
11 |
| 3 Symptoms |
12 |
| 4 Diagnosis |
12 |
| 5 Treatment |
13 |
| 6 Don't Ignore Symptoms |
15 |
| Chapter 4 - Diagnotic Tools Used in Pediatric Urology |
16 |
| 1 Laboratory tests |
16 |
| 1.1 Urinalysis |
16 |
| 1.2 Urine culture |
17 |
| 1.3 Kidney function tests |
17 |
| 2 Imaging modalities |
18 |
| 2.1 Plain abdominal X-ray graphy |
18 |
| 2.2 Intravenous urography (IVU) |
18 |
| 2.3 Ultrasonography |
19 |
| 2.4 Voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) |
19 |
| 2.4.1 Preparing the child for the test |
20 |
| 2.4.2 Performing the test |
20 |
| 2.4.3 Concerns |
21 |
| 2.5 Computerized tomography (CT) |
21 |
| 2.6 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) |
22 |
| 2.7 Scintigraphic studies |
23 |
| 2.7.1 Static renal scintigraphy |
23 |
| 2.7.2 Dynamic renal scintigraphy |
24 |
| 2.8 Uroflowmetry and Urodynamic study |
25 |
| 2.8.1 Uroflowmetry |
25 |
| 2.8.2 Urodynamic study |
25 |
| Chapter 5 - Structure, Development and Function Of Urinary System |
27 |
| 1 What is the urinary system |
27 |
| 2 How is urine produced? |
27 |
| 3 How does the urinary system function? |
27 |
| 4 How did the urinary system develop? |
29 |
| Chapter 6 - Ultrasound - a noninvasive diagnostic tool |
31 |
| Chapter 7 - Penile Problems |
33 |
| 1 Circumcision |
33 |
| 2 Phimosis |
34 |
| 3 Paraphimosis |
35 |
| 4 Hypospadias |
35 |
| 5 Micropenis |
36 |
| Chapter 8 - A Child´s Kidneys and Urinary Tract |
38 |
| 1 Problems of the Kidneys and Urinary Tract |
40 |
| Chapter 9 - Bedwetting (Enuresis) |
43 |
| 1 What is bedwetting? |
43 |
| 2 What can cause bedwetting? |
43 |
| 3 When should it be treated? |
43 |
| 4 How do we treat enuresis? |
44 |
| 5 Where can I get advice and help? |
44 |
| Chapter 10 - Bladder problems/daytime incontinence |
45 |
| 1 What are the symptoms of bladder problems? |
45 |
| 2 What causes these symptoms? |
45 |
| 3 How are bladder problems treated? |
46 |
| 3.1 Bladder training |
47 |
| 3.2 Medication |
47 |
| 3.3 Biofeedback |
47 |
| 4 Further information advice? |
48 |
| Chapter 11 - Constipation |
49 |
| 1 What is constipation? |
49 |
| 2 What can cause constipation? |
49 |
| 3 What are the signs of constipation? |
49 |
| 4 How do you treat the constipation? |
50 |
| 5 Where can I get further advice? |
51 |