History of hypospadiology.

S.N.Cenk Büyükünal
Istunbul, Turkey

There is nothing new in hypospadias not previously described!
In this study historical evaluation of chordee problem, modalities for urethroplasty, urethral elongation techniques, local pedicled flap procedures from 1st and 2nd centuries until 20th century is studied.
Two hand-written manuscript, 2 textbooks from the beginning of 20th century, paper presentations and journals were reviewed. According to this scientific data, a strong relation between the old Egyptian and Greek civilization and the first penile surgical procedures is found.
Galen was the first one to use the term of “hypospadias”. Helidorus and Antyllus were the first surgeons to correct hypospadiac meatus by partial glanular resection.
Albucassis from Cordoba (963-1013) was the first one who treated hypospadiac stenotic meatus in small children. Sabuncuoglu Serafeddin (15th century) was the first author of a surgical technical atlas with descriptive miniatures of pediatric urological procedures.
Ambroise Pare (16th century) was the first one who described chordee problem with its details.
XIXth century was the golden age of hypospadias surgery. Dieffenbach, Thiersch, Bouisson, Duplay, Wood, Van Hook, Nove-Josserand, Beck and Hacker were the most prominent figures.
XXth century was the time for stabilization and modification of these techniques of XIXth century. Ombredanne, Bevan, Mathieu, Denis Browne were the pioneers.
We may conclude that most of the techniques of reconstructive procedures had been developed by the efforts and works of innovative surgeons of previous centuries. Recent improvement is due to the incredible efforts done by old masters.